The former, designed principally for scholarly research, notes more variants than the latter, while the latter is easier to read and provides ratings of confidence levels for many variants. The two that are best known are included respectively with the Nestle-Aland text and the United Bible Societies’ text (GNT). The extent of the selection varies from one apparatus to another. Thus only a selection of all the variants is actually provided, usually focusing on variants deemed to be of some significance. With the exception of the ECM (see below), it is not the intent of the editors to note every known variant to the text, because doing so would expand the edition to a large, multi-volume work. The standard layout is footnotes covering all the variants identified on the page, listing the manuscripts supporting the variants. Such information is also called a textual or critical apparatus. At one end of the spectrum is the amanuensis who merely took dictation (the position preferred here) at the other is the possibility that a New Testament author may have told his amanuensis what he wished to communicate in general terms, leaving it to the amanuensis to actually compose the book.Īpparatus: information about variant readings to the text chosen for a critical edition of the Greek New Testament. The degree to which an amanuensis may have contributed to the content of any particular book is a matter of speculation and controversy. When used in the context of textual criticism, it refers specifically to a person who served as a secretary to record first-hand the words of a New Testament book, if the author chose to use a secretary rather than write down the words himself.
It also rates as closest to the initial text (q.v.) of the ECM (q.v.).Īmanuensis: Latin term for a scribe or clerk (plural “amanuenses”). Vaticanus seems to be slightly superior to Sinaiticus in its readings. One of the more notable characteristics of the Alexandrian text is the tendency to display the harder variant readings, which usually are the best candidates for the original reading or autograph. Vaticanus and Sinaiticus are both dated fourth-century. Codex Alexandrinus designated 02, is characteristic of the Byzantine text in the Gospels, but Alexandrian elsewhere. The chief manuscripts representing the Alexandrian text are Codex Vaticanus, also designated as B and 03 Codex Sinaiticus, designated by the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, א (aleph), and 01, and the papyri p75 and p66. This was undoubtedly responsible in large part for the more meticulous care taken in the copying of manuscripts. He has worked with The Lockman Foundation (TLF) as a senior translator since 1992 on the NASB.Īlexandrian Text: the Greek text was produced in Alexandria, Egypt, where there was a high degree of scholarship due to the famous library and museum.
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